Vehicular Pollution - 1921 Words

Vehicular Pollution problems in India There are three broad sources of air pollution from human activities: stationary or point, mobile, and indoor. In developing countries especially in the rural area, indoor air pollution from using open fires for cooking and heating may be a serious problem. Industries, power plants etc. are the cause of stationary air pollution. But in urban areas Ââ€" both developing and developed countries, it is predominately mobile or vehicular pollution that contributes to air quality problem. The worst thing about vehicular pollution is that it cannot be avoided as the vehicular emissions are emitted at the near-ground level where we breathe. Pollution from vehicles gets revealed through symptoms like cough,†¦show more content†¦Toxic Air Pollutants Toxic air pollutants are those pollutants that cause or may cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects. Air toxics may also cause adverse environmental and ecological effects. Examples of toxic air pollutants include benzene, found in gasoline; perchloroethylene, emitted from some dry cleaning facilities; and methylene chloride, used as a solvent by a number of industries. Most air toxics originate from man-made sources including cars, trucks, construction equipment factories, refineries, power plants, cleaning solvents etc. Some air toxics are also released from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires. Clean Air Plan The Cabinet which includes three Ministries, Finance, Petroleum and Surface Transport, cleared the first ‘‘National Auto Fuel Policy laying the roadmap for the next decade on the quality of fuels and the standards for vehicles. According to their policy, the 11 most polluted cities, including the three metros (plus Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Surat, Pune, Kanpur, Agra and Bangalore), will only catch up with Delhi by 2005, the rest of the country will have to wait for a ‘‘review in 2006 to see if they will get clean fuel and vehicles by 2010. The Cabinet rejected the proposal to set up an independent regulatorÂâ€"as prescribed by the Mashelkar panelÂâ€"to monitor the implementation of the roadmap. Instead, the state road transport authorities will monitor vehicles; theShow MoreRelatedEssays on Vehicular Pollution3726 Words   |  15 PagesRomanticism If the Enlightenment was a movement which started among a tiny elite and slowly spread to make its influence felt throughout society, Romanticism was more widespread both in its origins and influence. No other intellectual/artistic movement has had comparable variety, reach, and staying power since the end of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Germany and England in the 1770s, by the 1820s it had swept through Europe, conquering at last even its most stubborn foe, the French. It traveledRead MoreEssays on Vehicular Pollution3733 Words   |  15 PagesRomanticism If the Enlightenment was a movement which started among a tiny elite and slowly spread to make its influence felt throughout society, Romanticism was more widespread both in its origins and influence. No other intellectual/artistic movement has had comparable variety, reach, and staying power since the end of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Germany and England in the 1770s, by the 1820s it had swept through Europe, conquering at last even its most stubborn foe, the French. It traveled quicklyRead MoreEssay about The Effect of Environmental Factors on Learning 1493 Words   |  6 Pagespotential to cause Learning Disabilities . The Risks of mercury and lead poisoning is very present in the environment, and researches from the past three decades have proven the presence of heavy metals in our environment through paint,industrial and vehicular exhaust,pipes and even children’s toys.Many items recommended for children have sources of toxic material such as mercury,which has been proven to lower inteligence scores and result in Attention Deficit Disorders and other child behaviour anomaliesRead MoreA Brief Note On The Agency Of Environment And Forest Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages . Preventation: GOVERNMENTAL STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL IN BANGLADESH The ‘Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF)’of Bangladesh is primarily responsible for environmental protection. It was created in 1989. The MOEF has taken some steps to control the environmental pollution of Bangladesh. National Environmental Management Action: Plan (NEMAP). The government has taken a project named NEMAP to integrate environment with the development in a policy framework. It provides a guideline for promotingRead MorePollution and Its Effects on the Planet516 Words   |  2 PagesPollution is referred to the presence in the atmosphere of any chemical, physical or biological agents harmful to health or well-being, animal or plant life. This degradation of the environment by an external contaminant can cause damage to the everyday life of human beings and alter the conditions of survival of flora and fauna. About 2 million people could die each year from any cause attributable to air pollution, says the World Health Organization. According to this study, most deaths occur inRead MoreAirport Construction Has A Major Effect On The Community1577 Words   |  7 Pagesconcrete equipment, etc. that can cause problems with the environment. The main environmental issues affected by include air, water, and noise pollution. Air pollution has always been a big topic in everywhere and around an airport there is no exceptions. Air pollution during the construction period would be a consequence of one or more activities such as vehicular activity in support of construction operations, wind erosion of soils, movement of construction vehicles along haul roads, excavation, orRead MoreConservation Of Energy And A Preservation Of The Environment1840 Words   |  8 Pagesskyrocket in gasoline prices and an increase in vehicular pollution shows the need for change in how vehicles are designed. It is unden iably time to evolve beyond the status quo of the current gasoline driven automobiles that continue to contaminate the atmosphere. The overlaying issue is that these machines consistently pollute the world while running on a natural resource that won’t last the human race for long. Neglect for the automobile-induced pollution has spread like wildfire, and has been provenRead MoreThe Extinction Of Species Extinction1045 Words   |  5 PagesPrinciple 15 of Agenda 21. This principle, precautionary principle calls for protection of environment if there are serious threats or if there is potential for irreversible damage to the environment, such as species extinction. Air Pollution In California, vehicular emissions are regulated, and vehicles must be smog checked regularly. There is also a legal provision that demands smog certified before a vehicle is sold. It is illegal in California to drive a non-exempted vehicle without smog certificationRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution and Degradation3803 Words   |  16 PagesEnvironmental Pollution Increased and uncontrolled human activities like industries, transportation, agriculture, health care, dwelling, and energy generation are some of the causes of environmental pollution. Several industries like textile, steel, paper, sugar, food, petroleum, cement industries, and chemical industries and causes soil or land pollution, air pollution, and water pollution. Conclusion of environmental pollution is that the major cause for the environmental pollution is activitiesRead MoreThe Environmental Problems in India6662 Words   |  27 Pagesputting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the country’s natural resources. Industrial pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, rapid industrialization,   urbanization, and land degradation are all worsening problems. Overexploitation of the countrys resources be it land or water and the industrialization process has resulted environmental  degradation of   resources.   Environmental pollution is one of the most seri ous problems facing humanity and other life forms on our planet today.   Ã‚   Indias

The Teacher s Tools Background - 1542 Words

The Teacher’s Tools BACKGROUND The purpose of a teacher is to plan and organize a learning environment that guides students to achieve their academic potential. Teachers happen to have certain skills, knowledge, and tools. According to Dawn McKay states, â€Å"A teacher instructs students in subjects such as science, mathematics, language arts, social studies, art, and music, and then helps them apply those concepts. Teachers work in public or private elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools. Those working in middle and high schools usually specialize in teaching one subject.† Teachers teach students how to accomplish something, talk to students to convey information effectively, use learning strategies, active listening, monitor†¦show more content†¦I walked into the classroom and saw other teachers carrying identification lanyard cards. Most of the teachers carried keys which I believe their keys to be able to enter their classroom and or building. I saw that the teacher carried a ri ng which I assume she is married. They also carried pens and notebook planners and talked about the schedule plan for the next week because a teacher was going to be gone so they needed to adjust certain things. Another teacher asked if they could borrow computers that students are able to use in their classrooms, so teachers occur to always be sharing their tools. I sat down and looked around. The classroom was set for a small group with different type of stations. The teacher had a lecture desk and had a couple of written papers there. It seemed like she was comfortable using it when lecturing. There were a large amount of reading books. In the teacher’s board was objectives for the students. In the teacher s desk there were many pictures of her family and of students’ drawings/notes. In her desk there were other types of notes papers and books stacked on top of each other and there were in compartment files. I saw projects all around the classroom that 7th graders a nd 8th graders completed. There were posters that encouraged students learning and thinking. There were 4 computer stations. They carried them because it was necessary to do their job as a teacher to teach and aShow MoreRelatedHow Do Digital Media Affect The Classroom?1716 Words   |  7 Pageshow it works when it is in people s minds and mouths. In this essay I will firstly be explaining my understanding of the topic sentence, as well as discussing how it is important for a teacher to understand language, both as an object, as its parts as well as language as a whole, in motion. 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TCS FInancial Statement analysis Free Essays

Major Sources of Revenue: a) Revenue from operations: accounts for 98% of the total revenue of the firm and consists of the revenues from the below categories Information technology and consultancy services: contributes 97% of the total revenue from operations Sale of equipment and software lilicenses contributes 3% of the total revenue from operations b) Other Income: accounts for approximately 2% of the total revenue of the firm and consists of the revenues from the below major categories Interest Income: Contributes to 81. 0% of the total revenue from other income 73% of the Interest income comes from Interest on Bank Interest on long term Bonds Debentures. 25% of the Interest income comes from Inter-Corporate deposits. We will write a custom essay sample on TCS FInancial Statement analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Profit from Sale of mutual funds and other current Investments Contributes to 0. 57% of the total revenue from other income Major Expenses a) Employee benefit expenses: consumes 35. 78% of the total operations revenue and consists of the below categories Salaries and incentives: accounts for 87. 57% of the total employee benefits expense Contributions to Provident fund pension [Superannuation/Gratuity etc. Staff welfare expenses. b)BOperations and other Expenses: consumes 32. 11% of the total operations revenue and consists of the below major categories Overseas business expenses: – accounts for 43. 4 % of the total Operations and other Expenses Services rendered y business associates and others: – accounts for 18. 42% of the total Operations and other Expenses hardware and material costs: Software, – accounts for 1 1 the total Operations and other Expenses (c) Tax expenses: consume 7. 27% of the total operations revenue (d) Dividend on equity shares and tax thereon for Fiscal 2014 accounts increased by 40% Year on Year (7058. 2 crscoresiscal 2014) Major Uses of funds: a) Cash And Bank Balances: accounts for 21. 51% of the total Non-Current Investments and Current assets. Company has increased the Cash and Bank balances significantly in fiscal 2014. Horizontal analysis on the Balance Sheet for Cash and Bank Balances shows a Year on Year growth of 113. 34% for fisca l 2014. b)BPurchase of Fixed Assets: The Company has been investing in infrastructure development across various locations in India to meet its growing business needs. Additions to the gross block in fiscal 2014 amounted to 2,284. 7 crscoresHorizontal analysis on the Balance Sheet for fixed assets shows a Year on Year growth of 28. 27% for fiscal 2014. c)CNon-Current Investments: Company has increased the Non-Current Investments significantly in fiscal 2014. Horizontal analysis on the Balance Sheet for Non-Current Investments shows Year on Year growth of 134. 97% for fiscal 2014. d)DLong Term Loans Advances: accounts for 10. 85% of the total Non-Current Investments and Current assets. e)EShort-term loans and advances: accounts for 6. 2% of the total Non-Current Question 2: Perform a horizontal and vertical analysis on the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account and comment on any significant changes that you observe over the last 2 years. AnNASPlease refer the attached excel shee t for arriving at the below conclusions a) Profit Loss statement: Significant observations on Horizontal analysis. Net Profit After tax for Fiscal 2014 shows a Year on Year growth of 37. 70%. Net Profit After tax nearly doubled when compared with Fiscal 2012. EPPEPSEarnings per Share) also show consistent growth in the last few Fiscal years. EPPEPShows a Year on Year increase by 37. 58% in Fiscal 2014 Finance Cost for Fiscal 2014 has decreased significantly by 20%. Tax for Fiscal 2014 has increased significantly by 51% Year on Year. Profit Loss statement: Significant observations on Vertical analysis. Despite a significant increase in the Employee base we find that Employee Expenses s a % of revenue remained constant around 35% in the last few Fiscal years Total Expenses as a % of revenue remained constant around 70% in the last few Fiscal years Total Tax as percentage of revenue, increased from 6. 37% in fiscal 2013 to 7. 2% b) Balance Sheet: Significant observations on Horizontal analysis. Non- Current liabilities shows a Year on Year growth of ofof4. 64% in Fiscal 2014. Fixed assets shows a Year on Year growth of 28. 27% in Fiscal 2014 Current liabilities shows a Year on Year growth of 34. 33% in Fiscal 2014. Reserves and Surplus shows a Year on Year growth of 27. 76% in Fiscal 2014. Share Capital shows a Year on Yea r negative growth of 33. 76% in Fiscal 2014. Current assets shows a Year on Year growth of 36. 62% in Fiscal 2014. Long Term borrowings shows a Year on Year negative growth of 2. 4% in Fiscal 2014. Balance Sheet: Significant observations on Vertical analysis. Cash and bank balances as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets increased from 12. 97% Fiscal 2013 to 21. 51% Fiscal 2014. Non-Current Investments as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets has been increasing steadily in the last few Fiscals. Short-term loans and advances as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets eccreasedrom 10. 81% in Fiscal 2013 to 6. 42% in Fiscal 2014. Goodwill as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets decreased from 6. 86% in Fiscal 2013 to 3. 7% Fiscal 2014. Question 3: Scrutinize the Notes to Accounts and Statement on Significant Accounting Policies and check for any deviations in accounting policy over the last year with respect to major items. AnNASThere were no deviat ions with respect to significant accounting policies. However TCTTSdopted a new hedge accounting principle under the below category. a)AForeign currency forward, option and futures contracts: TCTTSnters into foreign currency forward, option and futures contracts to manage its exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, in accordance with its risk management policies. With effect from January 1, 2014, the Company has adopted hedge accounting principles in line with International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (referred to as IFFIRS), which align more closely with the Company’s risk management policy. The change has resulted in a reduction of ‘ 4. 76 crscoresn profit before tax in fiscal 2014. Question 4: Examine the Statement of Cash Flows for the last 2 years and point out the following: ) Major sources and Uses of cash: Sources: -Operations: Cash generated from operations, post adjustments to profit before tax, has gone up from 16,436. 77 crscoresn fiscal 2013 to ‘ 21,795. 4 crscoresn fiscal 2014, registering a growth of 32. 60% over the previous fiscal. -Income from Interest InInterestn funds invested went up by 71. 22%, from 798. 80 crscoresn fiscal 2013 to 1367. 72 Uses: crscoresn fiscal 2014. During fiscal 2014, the significant uses of cash were Acquisition of French Company AlAlit. A. foFor52. 41 crscoresPayment of Divide nd dividend tax for 5,489. 54 CrScoresurchase of fixed assets Increase in inter-corporate deposits Investment in fixed deposit. Pay Taxes amounting to 7,043. 63 CrScoresover Working Capital expenditures (b) Were the cash flows from operations greater than or less than net income? Explain in detail the major reason for the differences in these 2 figures. For Fiscal 2014, by referring to the Consolidated financial statements we get the below fgfiguresNet Cash provided by from Operating activities = 14751. 41 CrScoreset Profit for the year = 19163. 87 crscoresnNASNet Cash provided by from operating activities is less the net income. Explanation: Working Capital fgfiguresnder the categories below are the major reasons for reducing the Net Cash value provided by from operating activities below the net income. ) Unbilled Revenue – (811. 60) CrScores) Trade Receivables – (4015. 80) CrScoresc) Was the firm able to generate enough cash from its operations to be able to pay for all its capital expenditures? For Fiscal 2014, by referring to the Consolidated financial statements we can arrive at the below table. Net Cash provided by/Used in Fiscal 2014 Fiscal 2013 Operating activities 14,751. 41 11,614. 96 Investing activities (9,667. 08) (6,085. 66) Financ ing activities 5,673. 24) (5,729. 48) Exchange difference on translation of foreign currency 21 5. 41 48. 5 Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents after translation (373. 50) (152. 13) Purchase of fixed assets accounted for (3126. 15) CrScoresf the Net Cash of (9,667. 08) crscoressed in investing activities. From the above table we can clearly infer that the company generated enough cash from Operating activities to fund the capital expenditures on its own. (d) Did the cash flow from operations cover both the capital expenditures and payment of dividend, if any? AnNASDividend paid accounted for (5480. 7) CrScoresf the Net Cash of (5673. 24) crscoressed in financing activities. From the above table we can clearly infer that the company generated enough cash from Operating activities to fund both capital expenditures payment of dividends on its own. (e) How did your firm invest its excess cash (if any)? Cash flow statement from Investing Activities indicate that the excess cash that remains after investing and financing is mamajoraintained in Short-term bank deposits. From the Cash Flow Statements we can see that Short Term deposits increased from 4911. 46 crscoresn Fiscal 2013 to 12948. 9 CrScoresn Fiscal 2014. This accounts for a significant growth of 163%. g)GAre there any other unusual / extraordinary items of cash inflow / outflow? AnNASCash outflow due to Taxes: Cash Flow Statements indicate a significant increase in Taxes for Tax for Fiscal 2014. Taxes have increased significantly by 46% Year on Year. By referring to Management Discussion Analysis Notes forming consolidated statements we can infer that company has paid (1) Additional tax of 2,129. 82 crscoresaid by TCTTStd on its higher income for the year and (2) 92. 00 crscoresf higher tax on dividend received y TCTTStd from its overseas subsidiaries. How to cite TCS FInancial Statement analysis, Papers